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SYLLABUS FOR NATIONAL LICENSING EXAMINATIONS IN DENTISTRY
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subject |
page |
| SECTION
1 |
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| 1.1 |
Diagnosis |
2 |
| 1.2 |
Oral
medicine |
2 |
| 1.3 |
Radiology |
3 |
| 1.4 |
Pathology |
4 |
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SECTION 2 |
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| 2.1 |
Anaesthesia |
5 |
| 2.2 |
Systemic diseases |
5 |
| 2.3 |
Medical emergencies in the dental office |
5 |
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SECTION 3 |
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| 3.1 |
Conservative dentistry |
6 |
| 3.2 |
Occlusion |
8 |
| 3.3 |
Full dentures |
8 |
| 3.4 |
Removable Partial dentures |
9 |
| 3.5 |
Fixed Partial dentures |
9 |
| 3.6 |
.Dental materials |
10 |
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SECTION 4 |
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| 4.1 |
Pedodontics |
11 |
| 4.2 |
Development and growth |
12 |
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SECTION 5 |
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Oral
Surgery |
12 |
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SECTION 6 |
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Periodontics |
13 |
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SECTION 7 |
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Endodontics |
15 |
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SECTION 8 |
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| 8 |
Implementation of knowledge |
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| 8.1 |
Oral biology |
16 |
| 8.2 |
Oral microbiology |
17 |
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SECTION 9 |
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Law
and Ethics
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17 |
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1.1DIAGNOSIS
1. Oral anatomy.
2. Head and neck examination.
3. Intra-oral examination.
4. Anemnesis - importance, collection and recording.
5. Collection and recording of findings, medical documentation.
6. Pre-treatment patient evaluation
7. Principles of treatment plan preparation.
8. Consultation with general physicians and specialists.
1.2.ORAL MEDICINE
1. Clincal management and evaluation of white, red and brown lesions in the oral
mucosa.
2. Clinical management and evaluation of lumps and malignancies in the oral mucosa.
3. Principles of treatment of vesiculobullous diseases.
4. Clinical expression of viral diseases in the oral cavity.
5. Clinical expression of mycotic diseases in the oral cavity.
6. Clinical approach to pre-cancerous lesions.
7. Etiological factors of oral cancer.
8. Clinical expression of oral malignancies.
9. Clinical management of lumps in the head and neck region.
10. Functional disturbances of salivary glands and their treatment.
11. Sjogren's syndrome and diseases affecting small salivary glands.
12. Burning and sore mouth syndrome.
13. Endocrine disturbances and their appearance orally.
14. Clinical management of oral changes related to ageing.
15. Oral lesions related to dentures and defective restorations.
16. AIDS and its clinical oral appearance.
17. The mouth as an infection focus.
18. Lymphomas and leukaemias and their oral appearance.
19. Oral malodour (Halitosis and Fetor Oris).
1.3 RADIOLOGY
1. Role of X-rays, properties and production.
2. Different exposure factors and their effect on the image production
3. The film - properties, image production, development and fixation processes.
4. Intra-oral radiographs - indications, structure and role.
5. Techniques of positioning and processing intra-oral radiographs.
6. Extra-oral radiographs - indications, struction and role.
7. Panoramic radiography: purpose, indications and role.
8. Biology and dangers of radiation.
9. Protection of the patient and operator from X-radiation hazards.
10. Basics of diagnosis and interpretion of images.
11. Anatomy and morphology of jaws and teeth in radiographs.
12. Dental pathology on (Roentgen films) radiographs.
13. Radiological appearance of infections and inflammations of jaws and bones.
14. Differential diagnosis of radioopacities of jaws.
15. Differential diagnosis of radiolucencies of jaws.
16. Differential diagnosis of mixed radioopaque-lucent lesions.
17. Differential diagnosis of odontogenic and nonodontogenic cysts and neoplasms.
18. Radiological appearance of diseases affecting bones, jaws and sinuses.
19. Recognition of artifacts in preparing and processing films.
20. Use of Radiographs in different aspects of dentistry.
21. Use of Radiographs in first aids.
22. Use of Radiographs for preparing a treatment plan.
1.4 PATHOLOGY
1. White and red lesions of the oral mucosa.
2. Pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa.
3. Vesiculobullous and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa.
4. Allergic conditions and its appearance in the oral mucosa.
5. Tumor-like lesions in the oral mucosa.
6. Benign tumors of the oral mucosa.
7. Malignant tumors of the oral mucosa.
8. Pathology of the salivary glands.
9. Odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts of jaws; and cysts of the soft tissues.
10. Odontogenic tumors.
11. Benign non-odontogenic tumors of jaws.
12. Malignant non-odontogenic tumors of jaws.
13. Appearance of diseases of bones and jaws.
14. Bacterial, viral and mycotic infections in the oral cavity and the neck.
15. Biopsy and cytology as helpful laboratory means.
16. Disturbances of healing of the soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity.
17. Disturbances of jaws development.
18. Disturbances of smooth tissue development in the oral cavity
19. Disturbances of dental development.
20. Disturbances of eruption and positioning of teeth.
21. Regressive alterations of teeth.
22. Discoloration of teeth.
23. Common syndromes affecting the head and neck region.
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2.1 ANAESTHESIA
1. Pain: Physiological and psychological aspects.
2 . Differential diagnosis of pain
3. Local anaesthetic solutions and analgesic medication.
4. Local anaesthetic instrumentation.
5. Operative anatomy.
6. Injecting techniques.
7. Indications and contra indications for local anaesthesia.
8. Local complications in local anaesthesia
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2.2 SYSTEMIC DISEASES
1. Dental treatment of pregnant patients.
2. Antibiotic treatment of bacterial infections in the oral cavity.
3. Prevention of bacterial endocarditis.
4. Dental treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases.
5. Dental treatment of patients with neoplastic diseases.
6. Dental treatment of patients with Diabetes Mellitus.
7. Dental treatment of patients with kidney diseases.
8. Effects of different medications on dental treatment.
9. Dental treatment of the geriatric patient.
10. Dental treatment of patients with AIDS.
11. Dental treatment of patients with viral hepatitis.
12. Dental treatment of patients with hematologic disease.
13. Laboratory tests helpful in dentistry.
2.3 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
1. Emergency conditions and their treatment
2. Resuscitation (re-animation)
3. First aid for problems of dental origin (source).
4. Pain - its medical meaning
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SECTION 3
3.1 CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY
1. Clinical aspects of caries.
2. Primary and progressive decay.
3. History of caries study.
4. Etiology of caries - plaque.
Etiology of caries - host.
Etiology of caries - substrate (sugars).
5. Pathology of enamel caries.
Pathology of dentine caries.
6. The dentine-pulp reaction to caries.
7. Diagnosis of caries and its treatment.
8. Epidemiology of caries.
9. Prevention and control of caries in private and public frameworks.
10. Root caries.
11. Principles of cavity preparation (Class I,II,III,IV,V).
12. Instrument identification and ergonometry.
13. Hand instruments.
14. Bases, liners and varnishes.
15. Use of amalgam.
16. Polishing.
17. Matrices and wedges.
18. MOD fillings in large cavities.
19. Parapulpar pins: definition, indications and types.
20. Composite resins.
21. Composite resin restorations - different techniques.
22. Dentine bonding agents.
23. Composite laminates for anterior teeth - direct preparation.
24. Cervical lesions and their restoration.
25. Conservative dentistry and its relation to the periodontium.
26. Conservative treatment for non-vital teeth.
27. Glass ionomer fillings - the material and techniques.
28. Splinting by conservative methods.
29. Iatrogenic trauma, failures and operative problems with conservative restorations.
30. Porcelain laminates for anterior teeth.
31. Composite resin and porcelain inlays.
32. Adhesive bridges (Maryland bridges).
33. Tooth bleaching.
3.2 OCCLUSION
1. Dental morphology.
2. Stomatogenic system and its function.
3. Inter and intra-maxillary arrangement and positioning of teeth.
4. Concepts of articulation and occlusion.
5. Functional anatomy of the occlusal surface.
6. Functional anatomy of the temporomandibular joint of the masticatory system.
7. Neurophysiology of masticatory muscles
8. Occlusal malfunction.
3.3 FULL DENTURES
1. Edentulous jaws and the connotation for the patient; patient examination.
2 . Full dentures.
3. Impressions, biomechanical and physiological considerations.
4. Hanau's articulator and face bow.
5. Recording of intermaxillary relations and translation to articulator.
6. Principles of teeth arrangement in full dentures.
7. Basics of balanced occlusion in full dentures.
8. Finishing full dentures.
9. Rebasing full dentures.
10.Immediate denture.
11.Fixing of dentures, treating the patient's complaints.
12.Pathological conditions of oral tissue related to full dentures.
3.4 REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES
1. Articulators.
2. Kennedy's classification for partially edentulous arches.
3. Major connectors.
4. Minor connectors.
5. Cast clasp system.
6. Rests.
7. Direct retainer.
8. Indirect retainer.
9. Surveyor.
10. Reciprocal arm.
11. Clamp system adjustment to tooth loss conditions.
12. Partial dentures base.
13. Impression methods for partial dentures.
14. Problems that may arise after delivering dentures to patients.
15. Precision attachments in RPD.
3.5 FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES
1. Diagnostic basics in rehabilitation.
2. Indications for fixed prostheses.
3. Evaluation of supporting teeth and supporting tissues.
4. Biomechanical considerations.
5. Treatment plan and its preparation.
6. Tooth restoration after endodontic treatment.
7. Basics of teeth preparation to accept cast restoration including preparation for
porcelain.
8. Bridge: its composition and elements.
9. Temporary restorations and temporary cements.
10. Finishing line: planning and positioning.
11. Impressions: materials, impression and gingival retraction techniques.
12. Temporary and final cements and cementation.
13. Metals used in fixed dentures.
14. Porcelain fused to metal.
15. Occlusal components and their influence on treatment plan.
16. Malocclusion and occlusal trauma.
17. Vertical dimension.
18. Posterior bite collapse.
19. Splinting
20. Perio-prosthetic relation.
21. The prosthesis border and the finishing line.
22. Axial profile/relief.
23. Restoration of teeth after hemisection - premolarization.
24. Restoration of furcations.
25. Cantilever bridges.
26. Implants and implantations.
27. Precision attachments in fixed dentures.
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3.6 DENTAL MATERIALS
1. Dental amalgam.
2. Dental mercury.
3. Cements.
4. Liners and varnishes.
5. Dental acrylic.
6. Etchants and methods of etching.
7. Impression materials.
8. Composites.
9. Wax and gypsum.
10. Dental metals.
11. Dental porcelain.
12. Materials used for temporary restorations.
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4.1 PEDODONTICS
1. Anatomical and morphological differences between primary and permanent
dentition.
2. Usa of rubber dam.
3. Principles of pedodontic treatment, examination and recording.
4. Principles of liner usage, matrices, and wedges in restoration of primary and
young permanent teeth.
5. Preparation and fitting of prefabricated crowns.
6. Clinical and radiological diagnosis.
7. Treatment plan.
8. Pit and fissure sealants.
9. Behavioral attitudes.
10. Local anaesthesia.
11. Determination of dental age.
12. Pulp of primary and young permanent teeth.
13. Pulp treatment of primary and young permanent teeth
14. Treatment of deep caries and restoration of young permanent teeth.
15. Extraction of primary teeth.
16. Principles of prevention and treatment of caries and periodontal disease.
17. Principles of fluoride application.
18. Cariogenic diet supervision.
19. Oral hygiene and its importance for children.
20. Developmental disturbances in teeth, number and figure.
21. Maintenance of arch length.
22. Trauma to anterior teeth: classification, examination and first aid.
23. The abused child.
24. Preventive orthodontics.
25. Pharmocological use for relief of pain and anxiety.
26. The abnormal child - treatment approach.
27. Systemic conditions that require special attention (oncology, cardiology,
hematology, infections).
4.2 DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH
1. Development of dentition.
2. Cross bite.
3. Development and growth - development patterns.
4. Development and growth of facial bones.
5. Evaluation of development and growth.
6. Growth theories.
7. Skeletal anomalies.
8. Classifications of malocclusion.
9. Etiology of malocclusion
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SECTION 5 ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY
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1. Examination of patients prior to surgical treatment.
2. Systemic patient and their effect on surgical treatment.
3. Functional anatomy for dental and oral surgery.
4. Dental extractions - instrumentation and techniques.
5. Surgical extractions - indications and techniques.
6. Principles of flap surgery - bone removal.
7. Unerupted and impacted teeth.
8. Complications during and following oral surgery.
9. Instructions to patients following surgical treatment and their
meaning/importance/intent.
10. Suturing intra-orally, instrumentation and materials.
11. Odontogenic tumors - diagnosis and treatment.
12. Infections and [hthey spread] their expansion ways.
13. Surgical and antimicrobial treatment of infections.
14. Replantation and implantation of teeth.
15. Healing of wounds after surgical interference.
16. Periapical processes - diagnosis and treatment.
17. Pre-prosthetic surgery.
18. Implants as pre-prosthetic surgery.
19. Bleeding factors in the oral region.
20. Bleeding control.
21. Cystic processes in the mouth and jaws.
22. Diagnosis of facial injuries and injuries of the jaws.
23. Alveolar fractions.
24. Thermo-surgery (laser - criosurgery).
25. Sedation for dental treatment.
26. Surgical treatment of benign tumors.
27. Surgical treatment of malignant tumors.
28. Surgical treatment of TMJ disorders.
29. Sinuses and their relation to oral surgery.
30. Salivary glands - surgical treatment.
31. Head and neck tumors - diagnosis and treatment.
32. Differential diagnosis of submandibular swellings.
33. Diagnosis and treatment of impacted teeth
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SECTION 6 PERIODONTICS
1. Healthy periodontium.
2. Epidemiology of periodontal disease.
3. Bacterial plaque and its periodontium.
4. Periodontal disease: inflammation and immunological reaction.
5. Chronic periodontal disease.
6. Pathology of the supportive bone system.
7. Radiographic interpretation of periodontal pathology.
8. Secondary factors in periodontal disease development.
9. Periodontal patient: anamnesis, clinical examination and recording.
10. Evaluation and prognosis of periodontal treatment
11. Examination of periodontal treatment
12. Treatment of periodontal disease: initial preparation.
13. Plaque control: biological and technical aspects.
14. Scaling and root planing - ultrasonic and manual instruments.
15. Chemotherapy for periodontal patients.
16. Re-evaluation following initial preparation.
17. Flap operation - use and techniques.
18 Osseous surgery, synthetic and osseous implants.
19. Modes of healing following periodontal treatment.
20. Furcation involvement and its treatment.
21. Acute periodontal conditions.
22. Surgical and orthodontic crown lengthening.
23. Perio-ortho relationship.
24. The relationship between the periodontium and occlusal trauma.
25. Periodontal disease in children and adolescents.
26. Aggressive periodontal disease.
27. Effects of systemic diseases and medications on the periodontium.
28. Perio-endo disease.
29. Periodontics and prosthetic dentistry.
30. Cervical sensitivity: mechanisms and treatment.
31. Esthetic factors in periodontal treatment.
32. Periodontal maintenance.
33. Guided tissue regeneration (G.T.R.)
34. Implants and their connection to periodontal treatment.
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SECTION 7
ENDODONTICS
1. Anatomy and morphology of the pulp system.
2. Pulp structure and function.
3. Permeability of dentine and its structure.
4. Histopathology of pulp diseases.
5. Etiology of pulp diseases.
6. Pathogenesis of periapical lesions.
7. Classification of periapical lesions.
8. Treatment influence on reaction and healing of the periapex.
9. Endodontic treatment - treatment stages.
10. Physicaexamination.
11. Rules for access cavity preparation.
12. Endodontic instrumentation.
13. Radiographical examination.
14. Root canal filling.
15. Clinical diagnosis of pulp and periapex.
16. Complicated endodontic cavity.
17. Choosing the right case for endodontic treatment.
18. Retreatment of previous root canal therapy
19. Lateral condensation method of filling.
20. Disinfection solutions.
21. Perio-endo problems.
22. Endodontic surgery.
23. Partial clearing of endodontic filling for post preparation.
24. Endodontic treament in young teeth.
25. Healing of large apical lesions
26. Endodontic treatment in one appointment.
27. Follow up of endodontic treatment.
28. Bleaching of discolored pulpless teeth.
29. Vertical fractures - diagnosis.
30. Differential diagnosis of pain.
31. Root perforation and its treatment.
32. External and internal resorption.
33. Pulpal and periapical microbiology.
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SECTION 8
8.1 ORAL BIOLOGY
1. Dental development.
2. Structure and biochemistry of the extracellular material.
3. Aposition and resorption of bone.
4. Structure of enamel.
5. Structure of dentin.
6. Structure of the pulp.
7. Structure of cementum.
8. Structure of PDL.
9. Structure of bone.
10. Structure of TMJ.
11 Structure of dental supportive tissues.
12. Structure of the oral mucosa.
13. Resorption of hard tissues.
14. Oral mucosa.
15. Salivary glands and the physiology of saliva.
16. Eruption of teeth.
17. Oral immunology - immunosecretoric system.
18. Oral immunology - immunology of the periodontium.
19. Oral immunology - immunology of the oral mucosa and the periapex.
8.2. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY
1. Microbiology of caries.
2. Oral malodor.
3. Oral candid.
4. Bacterial aggregation and coagulation.
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SECTION 9: Law and Ethics.
9.1 Law and Dentistry
of practice דוחי
1 The dentist ordinance:
2. Advertising - propaganda as opposed to essential public information right of the public to
know - health education - nameplate.
3. Disciplinary measures - personal responsibility, vicarious viability, insurance -
complaints - error/negligence, disciplinary committee.
4. Dentist regulations: Specialists, dental technicians, dental hygienists, dental
assistants.
5. Patients' rights law
6. Structure of the medical professions - licensing, justification of licensing, dentists.
Methods of training -criteria.
7. The Israeli system - self-employed or employed dentist, partnership, public institution,
companies, licensing, prohibition of a dentist being a 'limited company', prohibition of
partnership with a lay person.
9.2 Ethics
1. General ethics- code of behavior, morals, human rights. Liberalism as opposed to
paternalism. Setting priorities - alternatives - the best possible/the least damaging.
2. Professional ethics - free professions - the medical profession. The 4 principles:
non-maleficence, beneficence, justice, autonomy.
3. Doctor/patient relations - the patient's welfare- medical confidence - protection of the
individual, trained and authorized assistants. Obligation to treat - the right to choose as
opposed to unlawful discrimination- obligation to supply first aid -duty to refer difficult
cases. Informed consent - presenting the treatment plan - full understanding of the information
in accordance with the patient's ability to comprehend -consent orally, in writing - waiving of
consent- right to refuse treatment. Medical anamnesia/history - treatment plan, medical
records, overtreatment, unnecessary treatment, undertreatment.
4. Dentist/dentist relations - justifiable criticism - prohibition to malign -protection of
colleagues vs protection of the public. Transfer of patients from one dentist to another -
obligation to consult - transfer of records.
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